This review describes a procedure for the safety evaluation of flavouring substances. Over
2500 flavouring substances are currently in use in food. While toxicity data do not exist on all …

Background When chemical health hazards have been identified, probabilistic dose–
response assessment (“hazard characterization”) quantifies uncertainty and/or variability in …

Abstract The Scientific Committee (SC) reconfirms that the benchmark dose (BMD) approach
is a scientifically more advanced method compared to the NOAEL approach for deriving a …

Hayes' Principles and Methods of Toxicology has long been established as a reliable and
informative reference for the concepts, methodologies, and assessments integral to …

The human toxicity potential (HTP), a calculated index that reflects the potential harm of a
unit of chemical released into the environment, is based on both the inherent toxicity of a …

Chemical fate, effect, and damage should be accounted for in the analysis of human health
impacts by toxic chemicals in life‐cycle assessment (LCA). The goal of this article is to …

This book covers the use of life-cycle assessment, risk assessment, and a combined
framework of the two in the estimation of environmental damage, providing explanations of …

Completely revised and updated, Developmental and Reproductive Toxicology: A Practical
Approach, Second Edition draws together valuable information typically scattered …

The use of uncertainty factors in the standard method for deriving acceptable intake or
exposure limits for humans, such as the Reference Dose (RfD), may be viewed as a …

Recent efforts aimed at improving risk characterization emphasize the importance of
uncertainty analyses and endorse probabilistic techniques as useful tools for performing …