Living and proliferating cells undergo repeated cycles of growth, replication and division, all
orchestrated by complex molecular networks. How a minimal cell cycle emerged and helped …

As the smallest unit of life, cells attract interest due to their structural complexity and
functional reliability. Protocells assembled by inanimate components are created as an …

The non‐enzymatic replication of the primordial genetic material is thought to have enabled
the evolution of early forms of RNA‐based life. However, the replication of oligonucleotides …

A growing number of out-of-equilibrium systems have been created and investigated in
chemical laboratories over the past decade. One way to achieve this is to create a reaction …

Non-enzymatic RNA self-replication is integral to the emergence of the 'RNA World'. Despite
considerable progress in non-enzymatic template copying, demonstrating a full replication …

Our current understanding of the chemistry of the primordial genetic material is fragmentary
at best. The chemical replication of oligonucleotides long enough to perform catalytic …

Low-molecular weight surfactants have significant potential as building blocks for prebiotic
organization. However, reports about surfactant-based coacervates as protocell models …

The use of templates is a well-established method for the production of sequence-controlled
assemblies, particularly long polymers. Templating is canonically envisioned as akin to a …

A DNA polymerase with a single mutation and a divalent calcium cofactor catalyzes the
synthesis of unnatural N3′→ P5′ phosphoramidate (NP) bonds to form NP-DNA …

DNA, the fundamental genetic polymer of all living organisms on Earth, can be chemically
modified to embrace novel functions that do not exist in nature. The key chemical and …