The role of seasonality is indisputable in climate and ecosystem dynamics. Seasonal
temperature and precipitation variability are of vital importance for the availability of food …

A key problem in explaining the mountain landscapes of the Mediterranean region is the
relationship between the development of transhumance (seasonal movement of livestock …

ABSTRACT Quaternary (last 2.6 million years) botany involves studying plant megafossils
(eg tree stumps), macrofossils (eg seeds, leaves), and microfossils (eg pollen, spores) …

Elevational and polar treelines have been studied for more than two centuries. The aim of
the present article is to highlight in retrospect the scope of treeline research, scientific …

Recent hydroclimate studies on the Iberian Peninsula have shown a complex regional
pattern in timing and intensity of climate change spanning the Younger Dryas and the …

This article is composed of three independent commentaries about the state of Integrated,
Coordinated, Open, Networked (ICON) principles in the American Geophysical Union …

Mature forests and their extremely old trees are rare and threatened ancient vestiges in
remote European high-mountain regions. Here, we analyze the role that extremely long …

Long-term perspectives on climate-and human-induced shifts in plant communities and tree
line in mountains are often inferred from fossil pollen records. However, various factors, such …

Bats are a highly diversified order of mammals found all over the world; however, their
population size and distribution are decreasing rapidly in Europe nowadays. The study of …

Growing season temperatures play a crucial role in controlling treeline elevation at regional
to global scales. However, understanding of treeline dynamics in response to long-term …