Glucocorticoids (GCs; ie cortisol/corticosterone) are a central component of the stress
response and thus their measurement is frequently used to evaluate the impact of stressful …

Anthropogenic noise is a pervasive pollutant that decreases environmental quality by
disrupting a suite of behaviors vital to perception and communication. However, even within …

Trade-offs and constraints are inherent to life, and studies of these phenomena play a
central role in both organismal and evolutionary biology. Trade-offs can be defined …

Reference to glucocorticoids as “stress hormones” has been growing in prevalence in the
literature, including in comparative and environmental endocrinology. Although …

Glucocorticoids are popular hormones to measure in both biomedical and ecological studies
of stress. Many assumptions used to interpret glucocorticoid results are derived from …

The field of stress physiology has rapidly expanded, particularly in those fields interested in
identifying chronic stress in wild animals. Despite this expansion, stress remains difficult to …

Inducible defences against predators evolve because they reduce the rate of direct
predation, but this benefit is offset by the cost (if any) of defence. If antipredator responses …

Glucocorticoids are hormones that mediate the energetic demands that accompany
environmental challenges. It is therefore not surprising that these metabolic hormones have …

Wild animals are brought into captivity for many reasons—conservation, research,
agriculture and the exotic pet trade. While the physical needs of animals are met in captivity …

The adrenocortical stress-response is extraordinarily conserved across mammals, birds,
fish, reptiles, and amphibians, suggesting that it has been present during the hundreds of …