Macrophages exist in various tissues, several body cavities, and around mucosal surfaces
and are a vital part of the innate immune system for host defense against many pathogens …

The pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) is a glucose-oxidizing pathway that runs in parallel
to upper glycolysis to produce ribose 5-phosphate and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide …

Tumour-associated macrophages are an essential component of the tumour
microenvironment and have a role in the orchestration of angiogenesis, extracellular matrix …

Tumor drug resistance emerges from the interaction of two critical factors: tumor cellular
heterogeneity and the immunosuppressive nature of the tumor microenvironment (TME) …

The discovery of cuproptosis, a copper-dependent mechanism of programmed cell death,
has provided a way for cancer treatment. However, cuproptosis has inherent limitations …

Anticancer nanomedicines have been proven effective in mitigating the side effects of
chemotherapeutic drugs. However, challenges remain in augmenting their therapeutic …

The discovery of natural adhesion phenomena and mechanisms has advanced the
development of a new generation of tissue adhesives in recent decades. In this study, we …

Immunotherapies have revolutionized the treatment paradigms of various types of cancers.
However, most of these immunomodulatory strategies focus on harnessing adaptive …

Obesity remains the most important risk factor for the incidence and progression of
osteoarthritis (OA). The leading cause of OA was believed to be overloading the joints due to …

Microglia-mediated neuroinflammation is a common feature of neurodegenerative diseases
such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis …