Despite a long history of animal studies investigating co** styles, the causal connections
between behavior and stress physiology remain unclear. Consistency across taxa in effect …

The causes and consequences of individual differences in animal behavior and stress
physiology are increasingly studied in wild animals, yet the possibility that stress physiology …

A fundamental element of how vertebrates respond to stressors is by rapidly elevating
circulating glucocorticoid hormones. Individual variation in the magnitude of the …

Maternal stress can affect the offspring of birds, possibly due to hormone deposition in the
egg. Additionally, phenotypic diversity resulting from domestication and selection for …

Maintaining energy balance and reproducing are important for fitness, yet animals have
evolved mechanisms by which the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal/interrenal (HPA/HPI) axis …

Behavioral syndromes predict that individuals display behaviors consistently across different
ecological situations, resulting in correlations among functionally different individual-specific …

Animals often exhibit consistent individual differences in behavior (ie, animal personality)
and correlations between behaviors (ie, behavioral syndromes), yet the causes of those …

Highlights•We present a meta-analysis for novel object tests and discuss different
practices.•Novel object tests efficiently quantify individual differences in behaviour.• …

Carotenoid pigments produce most red, orange and yellow colours in vertebrates. This
coloration can serve as an honest signal of quality that mediates social and mating …

The relationships between behaviour, owner-rated personality, and cortisol were examined
in companion dogs that visited a local off-leash dog park. In Study 1, salivary cortisol …