Less than 1% of Earth's freshwater reserves is accessible. Industrialization, population
growth and climate change are further exacerbating clean water shortage. Current water …

Swarms, which stem from collective behaviors among individual elements, are commonly
seen in nature. Since two decades ago, scientists have been attempting to understand the …

Untethered miniature robots enable targeted delivery and therapy deep inside the
gastrointestinal tract in a minimally invasive manner. By combining actuation systems and …

Oral administration is a widespread and convenient drug delivery approach. However, oral
delivery can be affected by the complex digestive tract environment, including irregular …

Active matter systems feature a series of unique behaviors, including the emergence of
collective self-assembly structures and collective migration. However, realizing collective …

The development of projection-based stereolithography additive manufacturing techniques
and magnetic photosensitive resins has provided a powerful approach to fabricate …

Recently, robots have assisted and contributed to the biomedical field. Scaling down the
size of robots to micro/nanoscale can increase the accuracy of targeted medications and …

Swimming microrobots that are actuated by multiple stimuli/fields display various intriguing
collective behaviors, ranging from phase separation to clustering and giant number …

Biohybrid magnetic microrobots (BMMs) have emerged as an exciting class of microrobots
and have been considered as a promising platform in biomedicine. Many microorganisms …

Micromotors hold great promise for extensive practical applications such as those in
biomedical domains and reservoir exploration. However, insufficient propulsion of the …