Cannabidiol (CBD) is an abundant non‐psychoactive phytocannabinoid in cannabis
extracts which has high affinity on a series of receptors, including Type 1 cannabinoid …

Emotions are fundamental to our experience and behavior, affecting and motivating all
aspects of our lives. Scientists of various disciplines have been fascinated by emotions for …

Neuronal ensembles that hold specific memory (memory engrams) have been identified in
the hippocampus, amygdala, or cortex. However, it has been hypothesized that engrams of …

I. INTRODUCTION 1877 II. STUDYING THE... 1881 III. MICROBIOTA-GUT-BRAIN AXIS...
1907 IV. PATHWAYS OF COMMUNICATION 1911 V. MICROBIOTA AND SYNAPTIC... 1929 …

Animal behavior is shaped by a variety of" internal states"—partially hidden variables that
profoundly shape perception, cognition, and action. The neural basis of internal states, such …

Mental disorders are a significant cause of disability worldwide. They profoundly affect
individuals' well-being and impose a substantial financial burden on societies and …

It is commonly assumed that a person's emotional state can be readily inferred from his or
her facial movements, typically called emotional expressions or facial expressions. This …

In nature, animals display defensive behaviors that reflect the spatiotemporal distance of
threats. Laboratory-based paradigms that elicit specific defensive responses in rodents have …

The science of emotion has been using folk psychology categories derived from philosophy
to search for the brain basis of emotion. The last two decades of neuroscience research …

How does the brain maintain fear within an adaptive range? We found that the insular cortex
acts as a state-dependent regulator of fear that is necessary to establish an equilibrium …