Bone has long been regarded as a static organ, simply providing protection and support.
However, this mindset has changed radically in recent years and bone is becoming …

Physical exercise may improve cognitive function by modulating molecular and cellular
mechanisms within the brain. We propose that the facilitation of long-term synaptic …

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a key molecule in promoting neurogenesis,
dendritic and synaptic health, neuronal survival, plasticity, and excitability, all of which are …

In addition to its structural role, the skeleton serves as an endocrine organ that controls
mineral metabolism and energy homeostasis. Three major cell types in bone-osteoblasts …

Accumulated preclinical literature demonstrates that hypothalamic inflammation and gliosis
are underlying causal components of diet-induced obesity in rodent models. This review …

Osteoporosis and sarcopenia are two age-related diseases that affect the quality of life in the
elderly. Initially, they were thought to be two independent diseases; however, recently …

A remarkable, unexpected aspect of the bone-derived hormone osteocalcin is that it is
necessary for both brain development and brain function in the mouse, as its absence …

Besides the classical ones (support/protection, hematopoiesis, storage for calcium, and
phosphate) multiple roles emerged for bone tissue, definitively making it an organ …

Background Detecting and managing frailty at early stages can prevent disability and other
adverse outcomes. The study aim was to evaluate whether a multifactorial intervention …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of cognitive impairment. AD is closely
related to orthopedic diseases, such as osteoporosis and osteoarthritis, in terms of …