Neotropical freshwater fishes (NFFs) constitute the most diverse continental vertebrate fauna
on Earth, with more than 6,200 named species compressed into an aquatic footprint< 0.5 …

Patterns of integration and modularity among organismal traits are prevalent across the tree
of life, and at multiple scales of biological organization. Over the past several decades …

Modularity is a ubiquitous feature of organismal design that plays an important role in
structuring patterns of morphological diversification. Modularity can facilitate evolutionary …

Background Adaptive radiations are characterized by extreme and/or iterative phenotypic
divergence; however, such variation does not accumulate evenly across an organism …

Understanding how interactions between multiple selective forces influence traits at the
macroevolutionary scale is key to understanding adaptive landscapes. Diadromy, an …

Much of the ecological discourse surrounding the polarising theropod Spinosaurus has
centred on qualitative discussions. Using a quantitative multivariate data analytical …

Aim The aim of this study was test whether maximum body mass and jaw length are reliable
predictors of trophic position (TP) in fishes, and to compare linear and nonlinear machine …

Feeding is a complex process that involves an integrated response of multiple functional
systems. Animals evolve phenotypic integration of complex morphological traits to covary …

Ghost electric knifefishes (Gymnotiformes: Apteronotidae) are a dominant component of the
species diversity and biomass of large lowland rivers in Greater Amazonia, including 77 …

Predators with diverse diets can use generalized feeding behavior to consume different prey
types or can alter behavior based upon the functional demands of each prey type. Prey …