Biodiversity today has the unusual property that 85% of plant and animal species live on
land rather than in the sea, and half of these live in tropical rainforests. An explosive boost to …

Fungi form a major and diverse component of most ecosystems on Earth. They are both
micro and macroorganisms with high and varying functional diversity as well as great …

Mycorrhizal fungi are mutualists that play crucial roles in nutrient acquisition in terrestrial
ecosystems. Mycorrhizal symbioses arose repeatedly across multiple lineages of …

Mycorrhizae are symbiotic associations between terrestrial plants and fungi in which fungi
obtain nutrients in exchange for plant photosynthates. However, it remains unclear how …

BACKGROUND Microbial interactions have shaped plant diversity in terrestrial ecosystems.
By forming mutually beneficial symbioses, microbes helped plants colonize land more than …

Fungi are an essential component of any ecosystem and have diverse ecological roles,
ranging from endophytes to epiphytes and pathogens to saprobes. The current estimate of …

Phylogenomic studies using genome-scale amounts of data have greatly improved
understanding of the tree of life. Despite the diversity, ecological significance, and …

Symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) improves plant nutrition in most land
plants, and its contribution to the colonization of land by plants has been hypothesized …

Northern Hemisphere forests changed drastically in the early Eocene with the diversification
of the oak family (Fagaceae). Cooling climates over the next 20 million years fostered the …

Lichens are the symbiotic outcomes of open, interspecies relationships, central to which are
a fungus and a phototroph, typically an alga and/or cyanobacterium. The evolutionary …