Models are of central importance in many scientific contexts. The centrality of models such
as inflationary models in cosmology, general-circulation models of the global climate, the …

Complex systems research is becoming ever more important in both the natural and social
sciences. It is commonly implied that there is such a thing as a complex system, different …

Attempts to understand various aspects of the empirical world often rely on modelling
processes that involve a reconstruction of systems under investigation. Typically the …

Models matter. Scientists spend much effort on constructing, improving, and testing models,
and countless pages in scientific journals are filled with descriptions of models and their …

Interest in emergence amongst philosophers and scientists has grown in recent years, yet
the concept continues to be viewed with skepticism by many. In this book, Paul Humphreys …

A fundamental aspect of life is the modification of anatomy, physiology, and behavior in the
face of changing conditions. This is especially illustrated by the adaptive regulation of …

This is a companion to another paper. Together they rebut two widespread philosophical
doctrines about emergence. The first, and main, doctrine is that emergence is incompatible …

The English verb 'reduce'derives from the Latin 'reducere', whose literal meaning 'to bring
back', informs its metaphorical use in philosophy. If one asserts that the mental reduces to …

We give an introductory review of gauge/gravity duality, and associated ideas of holography,
emphasising the conceptual aspects. The opening sections gather the ingredients, viz. anti …

It is proposed that we use the term “approximation” for inexact description of a target system
and “idealization” for another system whose properties also provide an inexact description of …