The timing of the initial India–Asia collision and the mechanisms that led to the eventual
formation of the high (> 5 km) Tibetan Plateau remain enigmatic. In this Review, we describe …

Abstract The Central China Orogenic Belt (CCOB) comprises, from the east to the west, the
Tongbai-Dabie, Qinling, Qilian and Kunlun Orogens, and preserves abundant and important …

The Himalayan-Tibetan orogen culminated during the Cenozoic India--Asia collision, but its
geological framework and initial growth were fundamentally the result of multiple, previous …

Global deep‐time plate motion models have traditionally followed a classical rigid plate
approach, even though plate deformation is known to be significant. Here we present a …

Many aspects of deep-time Earth System models, including mantle convection,
paleoclimatology, paleobiogeography and the deep Earth carbon cycle, require high …

We present a revised global plate motion model with continuously closing plate boundaries
ranging from the Triassic at 230 Ma to the present day, assess differences among alternative …

Convergence between the Indian and Asian plates has reshaped large parts of Asia,
changing regional climate and biodiversity, yet geodynamic models fundamentally diverge …

The breakup of Pangea in the Jurassic saw the opening of major ocean basins at the
expense of older Tethyan and Pacific oceanic plates. Although the Tethyan seafloor …

In this study, we integrate bedrock datasets, observations of subducted slabs in the mantle,
and plate kinematic constraints to constrain models for the India-Asia collision and the …

During the Cretaceous, the Indian plate moved towards Eurasia at the fastest rates ever
recorded. The details of this journey are preserved in the Indian Ocean seafloor, which …