Vascular cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID) is commonly caused by vascular
injuries in cerebral large and small vessels and is a key driver of age-related cognitive …

As disease-specific interventions for dementia are being developed, the ability to identify the
underlying pathology and dementia subtypes is increasingly important. Vascular cognitive …

The blood–brain barrier (BBB) is a unique and selective feature of the central nervous
system's vasculature. BBB dysfunction has been observed as an early sign of Alzheimer's …

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) prevents neurotoxic plasma components, blood cells, and
pathogens from entering the brain. At the same time, the BBB regulates transport of …

MRI has improved the diagnostic work-up of multiple sclerosis, but inappropriate image
interpretation and application of MRI diagnostic criteria contribute to misdiagnosis. Some …

Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) is the most common, chronic and progressive
vascular disease. The changes affect arterioles, capillaries and small veins supplying the …

Notch signaling is an evolutionarily highly conserved signaling mechanism, but in contrast to
signaling pathways such as Wnt, Sonic Hedgehog, and BMP/TGF-β, Notch signaling occurs …

Epidemiological evidence suggests that the incidence of ischaemic stroke in young adults
(18–50 years) has increased substantially. These patients have a long life expectancy after …

Pericytes, attached to the surface of capillaries, play an important role in regulating local
blood flow. Using optogenetic tools and genetically encoded reporters in conjunction with …

The presence of a patent foramen ovale (PFO) is implicated in the pathogenesis of a number
of medical conditions; however, the subject remains controversial and no official statements …