Mechanical metamaterials are a class of functional materials with designability and
extraordinary mechanical properties. Due to the manufacturing limitation of traditional …

In recent years, there has been rising interest in additively manufactured shape memory
polymers (SMPs) and their multi-functional composites. Four-dimensional (4D) printing is an …

Stimulus-responsive shape-shifting polymers,–have shown unique promise in emerging
applications, including soft robotics,,–, medical devices, aerospace structures and flexible …

Mechanical metamaterials are engineered materials with unconventional mechanical
behavior that originates from artificially programmed microstructures along with intrinsic …

Additive manufacturing (AM), also known as three-dimensional (3D) printing, has boomed
over the last 30 years, and its use has accelerated during the last 5 years. AM is a materials …

Abstract 4D printing refers to single-material or multi-material printing of a device or object
that can be transformed from a 1D strand into pre-programed 3D shape, from a 2D surface …

There are growing demands for multimaterial three-dimensional (3D) printing to
manufacture 3D object where voxels with different properties and functions are precisely …

Additive manufacturing (AM) is the process of printing 3D objects in a layer‐by‐layer
manner. Polymers and their composites are some of the most widely used materials in …

Smart materials are a kind of functional materials which can sense and response to
environmental conditions or stimuli from optical, electrical, magnetic mechanical, thermal …

Inspired by shape‐morphing organisms in nature, researchers have developed various
hydrogels with stimuli‐responsive swelling, shrinking, bending, folding, origami, rolling …