The reactive oxygen species (ROS)-producing enzyme NADPH oxidase (NOX) was first
identified in the membrane of phagocytic cells. For many years, its only known role was in …

Free radicals are chemical species (atoms, molecules, or ions) containing one or more
unpaired electrons in their external orbitals and generally display a remarkable reactivity …

The physiological function of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is to regulate
epithelial tissue development and homeostasis. In pathological settings, mostly in lung and …

Iron is a transition metal and essential constituent of almost all living cells and organisms. As
component of various metalloproteins it is involved in critical biochemical processes such as …

Tumorigenesis is dependent on the reprogramming of cellular metabolism as both direct
and indirect consequence of oncogenic mutations. A common feature of cancer cell …

Oxidative stress refers to elevated intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that
cause damage to lipids, proteins and DNA. Oxidative stress has been linked to a myriad of …

The concept of cell signaling in the context of nonenzyme-assisted protein modifications by
reactive electrophilic and oxidative species, broadly known as redox signaling, is a uniquely …

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases (NOX) are enzymes that
generate superoxide or hydrogen peroxide from molecular oxygen utilizing NADPH as an …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS), which were originally characterized in terms of their
harmful effects on cells and invading microorganisms, are increasingly implicated in various …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are no longer viewed as just a toxic by-product of
mitochondrial respiration, but are now appreciated for their role in regulating a myriad of …