Liquid metal cooling in thermal management of computer chips

K Ma, J Liu - Frontiers of Energy and Power Engineering in China, 2007 - Springer
With the rapid improvement of computer performance, tremendous heat generation in the
chip becomes a major serious concern for thermal management. Meanwhile, CPU chips are …

[HTML][HTML] A review of bubble dynamics in liquid metals

T Haas, C Schubert, M Eickhoff, H Pfeifer - Metals, 2021 - mdpi.com
Gas bubbles are of major importance in most metallurgical processes. They promote
chemical reactions, homogenize the melt, or float inclusions. Thus, their dynamics are of …

Hydrodynamics of molten-metal bubble columns in the near-bubbling field using volume of fluid computational fluid dynamics

SI Ngo, YI Lim, HM Kwon, UD Lee - Chemical Engineering Journal, 2023 - Elsevier
Using molten-metal bubble columns (MMBCs), non-oxidative CH 4 pyrolysis producing H 2
and solid carbon has emerged as an efficient low-carbon H 2 production compared to steam …

Visualization of bubble coalescence in bubble chains rising in a liquid metal

O Keplinger, N Shevchenko, S Eckert - International Journal of Multiphase …, 2018 - Elsevier
Bubble coalescence in liquid metals was studied by considering the case of a bubble chain
rising in the eutectic alloy GaInSn. The experiments were performed in a flat vessel with a …

Effects of a horizontal magnetic field on the cross-sectional distribution of gas bubbles chain rising in a gallium alloy

H Murakawa, S Maeda, S Eckert - International Journal of Multiphase Flow, 2024 - Elsevier
Understanding the behavior of rising bubbles in a liquid metal under the influence of a
magnetic field (MF) is crucial for optimizing continuous casting processes. The study …

Eulerian modelling of turbulent bubbly flow based on a baseline closure concept

Y Liao, T Ma, L Liu, T Ziegenhein, E Krepper… - Nuclear Engineering and …, 2018 - Elsevier
A unified set of closures have been applied to simulating different configurations and fluids,
ie pipe flow and bubble column, air/water and air/liquid metal. The simulated velocity, void …

Transition of bubble motion from spiralling to zigzagging: A wake-controlled mechanism with a transverse magnetic field

J Zhang, KC Sahu, MJ Ni - International Journal of Multiphase Flow, 2021 - Elsevier
We investigate the dynamics of a millimetre-sized air bubble rising in a liquid due to
buoyancy under the influence of a magnetic field applied in a direction transverse to the …

Magneto-hydrodynamics of multi-phase flows in heterogeneous systems with large property gradients

TF Flint, MC Smith, P Shanthraj - Scientific Reports, 2021 - nature.com
The complex interplay between thermal, hydrodynamic, and electromagnetic, forces governs
the evolution of multi-phase systems in high technology applications, such as advanced …

Velocity measurement techniques for liquid metal flows

S Molokov, R Moreau, K Moffatt, S Eckert… - … : historical evolution and …, 2007 - Springer
Analysis and control of fluid flows, often subsidiary to industrial design issues, require
measurements of the flow field. For classical transparent fluids such as water or gas a variety …

Experimental investigation of bubble breakup in bubble chains rising in a liquid metal

O Keplinger, N Shevchenko, S Eckert - International Journal of Multiphase …, 2019 - Elsevier
The process of bubble breakup in a liquid metal was studied by X-ray radiography and high-
speed video imaging. Argon gas bubbles were injected through a single orifice at the bottom …