The electrification of volcanic ash plumes and the occurrence of volcanic lightning are now
known to be common phenomena during explosive volcanic eruptions. This knowledge …

The electrification of volcanic plumes has been described intermittently since at least the
time of Pliny the Younger and the 79 AD eruption of Vesuvius. Although sometimes …

The 2016–2017 shallow submarine eruption of Bogoslof volcano in Alaska injected plumes
of ash and seawater to maximum heights of~ 12 km. More than 4550 volcanic lightning …

Raikoke, a small, unmonitored volcano in the Kuril Islands, erupted in June 2019. We
integrate data from satellites (including Sentinel-2, TROPOMI, MODIS, Himawari-8), the …

Once granular materials flow, particles charge because of the triboelectric effect. When
particles touch each other, charges are exchanged during contact whether they are made of …

Abstract Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai (HTHH), a submarine caldera volcano of the Tonga
archipelago, erupted explosively on January 15, 2022. The eruption generated the highest …

Lightning is often observed during explosive volcanic eruptions, and the charging processes
associated with these displays have been attributed to several mechanisms. In this work we …

The origin of electrical activity accompanying volcanic ash plumes is an area of heightened
interest in volcanology. However, it is unclear how intense an eruption needs to be to …

Abstract The 15 January 2022 eruption of Hunga volcano, Tonga, significantly impacted the
Kingdom of Tonga as well as the wider Pacific region. The eruption column attained a …

The lightning generated by explosive volcanic eruptions is of interest not only as a promising
technique for monitoring volcanic activity, but also for its broader implications and possible …