Geophysics provides a multidimensional suite of investigative methods that are transforming
our ability to see into the very fabric of the subsurface environment, and monitor the …

This review addresses the applicability of visible (Vis), near-infrared (NIR), and mid-infrared
(MIR) reflectance spectroscopy for the prediction of soil properties. We address (1) the …

The global economy is now under threat due to the ongoing domestic and international
lockdown for COVID-19. Many have already lost their jobs, and businesses have been …

Electromagnetic induction (EMI) has been used to characterize the spatial variability of soil
properties since the late 1970s. Initially used to assess soil salinity, the use of EMI in soil …

We review various recent approaches to making digital soil maps based on geographic
information systems (GIS) data layers, note some commonalities and propose a generic …

The field-scale application of apparent soil electrical conductivity (ECa) to agriculture has its
origin in the measurement of soil salinity, which is an arid-zone problem associated with …

The basic objectives of site-specific management of agricultural inputs are to increase
profitability of crop production, improve product quality, and protect the environment …

This chapter reviews proximal soil sensing (PSS). Our intent is for it to be a source of up-to-
date information on PSS, the technologies that are currently available and their use for …

Proximal soil sensing (PSS) using portable visible–near infrared (vis–NIR: 400–2500 nm)
spectrophotometers can be used to measure soil properties in situ. The objectives of this …

Smart farms and precision agriculture require automatic monitoring and supply of water and
nutrients for crops, but sensors to monitor plant available nutrients in soil are not available …