The unparalleled biodiversity found in the American tropics (the Neotropics) has attracted
the attention of naturalists for centuries. Despite major advances in recent years in our …

INTRODUCTION Individual processes that shape geographical patterns of biodiversity are
increasingly understood, but their complex interactions on broad spatial and temporal scales …

Abstract The South American Dry Diagonal, also called the Diagonal of Open Formations, is
a large region of seasonally dry vegetation extending from northeastern Brazil to northern …

Abstract The Atlantic rainforest of Brazil harbors outstanding species richness and levels of
endemism, representing one of the most biodiverse regions on Earth. Yet, a lot is still …

Abstract Haffer's (Science 165: 131–137, 1969) Pleistocene refuge theory has provided
motivation for 50 years of investigation into the connections between climate, biome …

Aim To examine historical connections between rain forest habitats in the Neotropics based
on the evolutionary history of the arboreal pit viper Bothrops bilineatus. Location Amazonia …

The effects of genetic introgression on species boundaries and how they affect species'
integrity and persistence over evolutionary time have received increased attention. The …

Studying the causes of biological diversification and the main environmental drivers
involved is useful not only for the progress of fundamental science but also to inform …

Data on species ranges and phylogenetic relationships are key in historical biogeographical
inference. In South America, our understanding of the evolutionary processes that underlie …

General consensus emphasizes that no single biological process can explain the patterns of
species' distributions and diversification in the Neotropics. Instead, the interplay of several …