Small pelagic fish (SPF) play extremely important ecological roles in marine ecosystems,
form some of the most economically valuable fisheries resources, and play a vital role in …

Small pelagic fish contribute up to 50% of the total landing of marine species. They are most
abundant in upwelling areas and contribute to food security. Exploited stocks of these …

Individual-based models are an exciting and widely used new tool for ecology. These
computational models allow scientists to explore the mechanisms through which population …

The Benguela system is one of the four major eastern boundary upwelling systems of the
world. It is unusual as there are two stratified subtropical or warm temperate boundary …

Fish population variability and fisheries activities are closely linked to weather and climate
dynamics. While weather at sea directly affects fishing, environmental variability determines …

Ichthyop is a free Java tool designed to study the effects of physical and biological factors on
ichthyoplankton dynamics. It incorporates the most important processes involved in fish early …

To robustly predict the effects of disturbance and ecosystem changes on species, it is
necessary to produce structurally realistic models with high predictive power and flexibility …

WHAT DO WE KNOW AND WHAT ARE OUR CAPABILITIES? Modeling physical and
biological systems has rapidly progressed in terms of the spatial and temporal resolution …

End-to-end models that represent ecosystem components from primary producers to top
predators, linked through trophic interactions and affected by the abiotic environment, are …

Climate may affect marine fish populations through many different pathways, operating at a
variety of temporal and spatial scales. Climate impacts may work their way bottom up …