Global climate changes during the Quaternary reveal much about broader evolutionary
effects of environmental change. Detailed regional studies reveal how evolutionary lineages …

The European badger, Meles meles, is an important wildlife host for Mycobacterium bovis
and contributes to the epidemiology of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) in cattle in several …

We analyzed more than 600 red deer (Cervus elaphus) from large parts of its European
distribution range at 13 microsatellite loci, presenting the first continent-wide study of this …

Carnivores tend to exhibit a lack of (or less pronounced) genetic structure at continental
scales in both a geographic and temporal sense and this can confound the identification of …

Southeast Asia experiences some of the highest deforestation in the world. Loss of tropical
forest typically leads to widespread habitat fragmentation, with detrimental effects on …

The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) plays a crucial role in the immune system, and
in some species, it is a target by which individuals choose mates to optimize the fitness of …

The wood mouse Apodemus sylvaticus is an opportunistic rodent that is found throughout
most of the European mainland. It is present on many islands around the margins of the …

The common vole (Microtus arvalis) has been a model species of small mammal for studying
end-glacial colonization history. In the present study we expanded the sampling from central …

Human modification of landscapes is one of the greatest threats facing biodiversity
worldwide and conversion of native habitat to agricultural land is widely perceived as …

The tapeworm species Spirometra erinaceieuropaei was documented mainly in Asia and
Europe. In recent years, plerocercoid larvae (spargana) of this parasite have been found in …