Background Increased peripheral inflammation has been consistently reported in patients
with major depressive disorder (MDD). However, only few studies have explored markers of …

Increasing data indicate that inflammation and alterations in glutamate neurotransmission
are two novel pathways to pathophysiology in mood disorders. The primary goal of this …

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common, heterogenous, and potentially serious
psychiatric illness. Diverse brain cell types have been implicated in MDD etiology …

Astrocytes comprise half of the cells in the central nervous system and play a critical role in
maintaining metabolic homeostasis. Metabolic dysfunction in astrocytes has been indicated …

Context Increased concentrations of inflammatory biomarkers predict antidepressant
nonresponse, and inflammatory cytokines can sabotage and circumvent the mechanisms of …

Despite increasing evidence supporting the neuroinflammatory theory of depression, little is
known about cerebral macrophages in individuals suffering from major depression. In the …

The present paper reviews astrocyte pathology in major depressive disorder (MDD) and
proposes that reductions in astrocytes and related markers are key features in the pathology …

Astrocytes are key active elements of the brain that contribute to information processing.
They not only provide neurons with metabolic and structural support, but also regulate …

Multiple lines of evidence support the pathogenic role of neuroinflammation in psychiatric
illness. While systemic autoimmune diseases are well-documented causes of …

Background Microglia can adopt different morphologies, ranging from a highly ramified to an
amoeboid-like phenotype. Although morphological properties of microglia have been …