Nerve terminals are specific sites of action of a very large number of toxins produced by
many different organisms. The mechanism of action of three groups of presynaptic …

▪ Abstract Membrane fusion involves the merger of two phospholipid bilayers in an aqueous
environment. In artificial lipid bilayers, fusion proceeds by means of defined transition states …

We describe a paradigm for nociception in Drosophila. In response to the touch of a probe
heated above 38° C, Drosophila larvae produce a stereotypical rolling behavior, unlike the …

Behavior is a manifestation of temporally and spatially defined neuronal activities. To
understand how behavior is controlled by the nervous system, it is important to identify the …

In Drosophila, the most widely used system for generating spatially restricted transgene
expression is based on the yeast GAL4 protein and its target upstream activating sequence …

Reversible silencing of neuronal activity is a powerful approach for isolating the roles of
specific neuronal populations in circuit dynamics and behavior. In contrast with neuronal …

Rats and mice are used for studying neuronal circuits underlying recognition memory due to
their ability to spontaneously remember the occurrence of an object, its place and an …

Understanding the principles of information processing in neural circuits requires systematic
characterization of the participating cell types and their connections, and the ability to …

Discoveries in fruit flies have greatly contributed to our understanding of neuroscience. The
use of an unparalleled wealth of tools, many of which originated between 1910–1960, has …

The type II bacterial CRISPR/Cas9 system is rapidly becoming popular for genome-
engineering due to its simplicity, flexibility and high efficiency. Recently, targeted knock-in of …