Drylands are home to more than 38% of the world's population and are one of the most
sensitive areas to climate change and human activities. This review describes recent …

This article summarizes recent advances in our knowledge of the past 1000 years of
earthquakes in the Himalaya using geodetic, historical and seismological data, and …

Abstract The Little Ice Age (LIA), which lasted from about 1250 to 1860 AD, was likely the
coldest period of the last 8000 years. Using new documentary data and analyses of alpine …

Surface temperature reconstructions of the past 1500 years suggest that recent warming is
unprecedented in that time. Here we provide a broader perspective by reconstructing …

Large-scale millennial length Northern Hemisphere (NH) temperature reconstructions have
been progressively improved over the last 20 years as new datasets have been developed …

Tree-ring dating (dendrochronology) is a method of scientific dating based on the analysis of
tree-ring growth patterns. As author James Speer notes, trees are remarkable bioindicators …

Global warming, extreme climate events, earthquakes and their accompanying
socioeconomic disasters pose significant risks to humanity. Yet due to the nonlinear …

The spatial context is critical when assessing present-day climate anomalies, attributing
them to potential forcings and making statements regarding their frequency and severity in a …

The climate is a forced, dissipative, nonlinear, complex, and heterogeneous system that is
out of thermodynamic equilibrium. The system exhibits natural variability on many scales of …

Instrumental observations, and reconstructions, of global and hemispheric temperature
evolution reveal a pronounced warming during the past∼ 150 years. One expression of this …