Background Surgical treatment of thoracic disc herniation (TDH) is technically demanding
due to its proximity to the spinal cord. Methods Literature review. Results Symptomatic TDH …

Thoracic disc herniation is rare and mainly occurs between T8 and L1. The herniation is
calcified in 40% of cases and is labeled as giant when it occupies more than 40% of the …

Study Design. Retrospective review of the literature. Objective. To update recent trends in
the surgical treatment for thoracic disc herniation (TDH). Summary of Background Data. TDH …

Thoracic disc herniation (TDH) is a rare, but technically challenging, disorder. Apart from
their unfamiliarity with this condition, surgeons are often posed with challenges regarding …

Throughout the central nervous system, the spinal cord plays a very important role, namely,
transmitting sensory and motor information inwardly so that it can be processed by the brain …

Wrong-level spinal surgery (WLSS) can lead to increased morbidity, cost, and worse long-
term outcomes. Current intraoperative localization methods rely on counting spinal levels …

Object Accurate intraoperative localization of small intradural extramedullary thoracolumbar
(T-1 to L-3 level) spinal cord tumors is vital when minimally invasive techniques, such as …

Background Incorrect level spinal surgery is an avoidable complication, with significant
ramifications. Several pre-operative spinal marking techniques have been described to aid …

BACKGROUND This case series reports on five consecutive patients who underwent image-
guided transpedicular transthoracic microdiscectomy. The authors retrospectively reviewed …

Despite the continuous improvement in medical imaging technology, visualizing the spinal
cord poses severe problems due to structural or incidental causes, such as small access …