Surprisingly little is known about the nature and function of neurohormones in molluscs
despite the fact that many of the neurotransmitters, including serotonin, catecholamines and …

Gastropod diversity is substantial in marine and freshwater habitats, and many aquatic slugs
and snails use olfactory cues to guide their navigation behaviour. Examples include finding …

Abstract Background The freshwater snail Lymnaea stagnalis (L. stagnalis) has served as a
successful model for studies in the field of Neuroscience. However, a serious drawback in …

The stress response is a series of coordinated physiological reactions increasing an
organism's capacity to maintain homeostasis in the presence of threatening agents. This …

Chitons are the most primitive molluscs and, thus, a matter of considerable interest for
understanding both basic principles of molluscan neurogenesis and phylogeny. The …

The presence of the organotin compound tributyltin (TBT) in aquatic ecosystems has been a
serious environmental problem for decades. Although a number of studies described the …

Background The structure and development of the nervous system in Lophotrochozoa has
long been recognized as one of the most important subjects for phylogenetic and …

Although our understanding of neuronal development in Trochozoa has progressed
substantially in recent years, relatively little attention has been paid to the bivalve molluscs …

Catecholamines and pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC)-derived peptides, some of the central
regulators of the stress-response systems of vertebrates, are also present in invertebrates …

Freshwater pond snails Helisoma trivolvis and Lymnaea stagnalis undergo larval
development and metamorphosis inside egg capsules. We report that their development is …