Sphingolipids are a specialized group of lipids essential to the composition of the plasma
membrane of many cell types; however, they are primarily localized within the nervous …

Gangliosides are carbohydrate-containing sphingolipids that are widely expressed in
normal tissues, making most subtypes unsuitable as targets for cancer therapy. However …

Glycosylation of proteins and lipids in mammals is essential for embryogenesis and the
development of all tissues. Analyses of glycosylation mutants in cultured mammalian cells …

The recent emergence of a novel avian A/H 7 N 9 influenza virus in poultry and humans in C
hina, as well as laboratory studies on adaptation and transmission of avian A/H 5 N 1 …

It is now acknowledged that extracellular vesicles (EVs) are important effectors in a vast
number of biological processes through intercellular transfer of biomolecules. Increasing …

Glycosylation is a very common modification of protein and lipid, and most glycosylation
reactions occur in the Golgi. Although the transfer of initial sugar (s) to glycoproteins or …

Regulation of emotions is generally associated exclusively with the brain. However, there is
evidence that peripheral systems are also involved in mood, stress vulnerability vs …

Sialic acids are nine-carbon sugars that frequently cap glycans at the cell surface in cells of
vertebrates as well as cells of certain types of invertebrates and bacteria. The nine-carbon …

This review presents principles of glycosylation, describes the relevant glycosylation
pathways and their related disorders, and highlights some of the neurological aspects and …

GM1 is one of the major glycosphingolipids (GSLs) on the cell surface in the central nervous
system (CNS). Its expression level, distribution pattern, and lipid composition are dependent …