Synucleinopathies are clinically and pathologically heterogeneous disorders characterized
by pathologic aggregates of α-synuclein in neurons and glia, in the form of Lewy bodies …

The concept of 'idiopathic'Parkinson's disease (PD) as a single entity has been challenged
with the identification of several clinical subtypes, pathogenic genes and putative causative …

Parkinson's disease (PD) may start in the gut and spread to the brain. To investigate the role
of gut microbiome, we conducted a large-scale study, at high taxonomic resolution, using …

Idiopathic Parkinson's disease is characterized by a progressive loss of dopaminergic
neurons, but the exact disease aetiology remains largely unknown. To date, Parkinson's …

That certain cell types in the central nervous system are more likely to undergo
neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease is a widely appreciated but poorly understood …

Adult neurogenesis, the process by which neurons are generated in certain areas of the
adult brain, declines in an age-dependent manner and is one potential target for extending …

Multiple lines of evidence indicate that immune system dysfunction has a role in Parkinson
disease (PD); this evidence includes clinical and genetic associations between autoimmune …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most prevalent neurodegenerative diseases. The
typical symptomatology of PD includes motor symptoms; however, a range of nonmotor …

Parkinson's disease is a common neurodegenerative disorder in which gastrointestinal
symptoms may appear prior to motor symptoms. The gut microbiota of patients with …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is usually diagnosed through motor symptoms that make the
patient incapable of carrying out daily activities; however, numerous non-motor symptoms …