Cyclic dinucleotides (CDNs) are highly versatile signalling molecules that control various
important biological processes in bacteria. The best-studied example is cyclic di-GMP (c-di …

Infection of the colon with the Gram-positive bacterium Clostridium difficile is potentially life
threatening, especially in elderly people and in patients who have dysbiosis of the gut …

Clostridium difficile is a major cause of intestinal infection and diarrhoea in individuals
following antibiotic treatment. Recent studies have begun to elucidate the mechanisms that …

Clostridium difficile is a bacterial pathogen that is the leading cause of nosocomial antibiotic-
associated diarrhea and pseudomembranous colitis worldwide. The incidence, severity …

The intracellular signaling molecule cyclic di-GMP (c-di-GMP) regulates the lifestyle of
bacteria and controls many key functions and mechanisms. In the case of bacterial …

The pathogenic clostridia cause many human and animal diseases, which typically arise as
a consequence of the production of potent exotoxins. Among the enterotoxic clostridia …

As obligate anaerobes, clostridial pathogens depend on their metabolically dormant, oxygen-
tolerant spore form to transmit disease. However, the molecular mechanisms by which those …

Clostridium difficile is the prominent etiological agent of healthcare-associated diarrhea. The
disease symptoms range from mild diarrhea to life-threatening pseudomembranous colitis …

Clostridioides difficile (C. difficile) is an opportunistic pathogen that leads to antibiotic-
associated diarrhoea and is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Antibiotic …

To colonize the host and cause disease, the human enteropathogen Clostridioides difficile
must sense, respond, and adapt to the harsh environment of the gastrointestinal tract. We …