Stroke is the second leading cause of death worldwide and a leading cause of disability.
Most strokes are caused by occlusion of a major cerebral artery, and substantial advances …

Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Resident microglia
are the principal immune cells of the brain, and the first to respond to the pathophysiological …

High heterogeneity of macrophage is associated with its functions in polarization to different
functional phenotypes depending on environmental cues. Macrophages remain in balanced …

Ischemic stroke generates an immune response that contributes to neuronal loss as well as
tissue repair. This is a complex process involving a range of cell types and effector …

Macrophages represent a heterogeneous cell population and are known to display a
remarkable plasticity. In response to distinct micro-environmental stimuli, eg, tumor stroma …

The functional contribution of microglia to normal brain development, healthy brain function,
and neurological disorders is increasingly recognized. However, until recently, the nature of …

Fractalkine (FKN, CX3CL1) is a transmembrane chemokine expressed by neurons in the
central nervous system (CNS). CX3CL1 signals through its unique receptor, CX3CR1, that is …

When ischemic stroke occurs, oxygen and energy depletion triggers a cascade of events,
including inflammatory responses, glutamate excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, and apoptosis …

Neuroinflammation was initially thought of as a consequence of neurodegenerative disease
pathology, but more recently it is becoming clear that it plays a significant role in the …

Aims Phagocytosis is the cellular digestion of extracellular particles, such as pathogens and
dying cells, and is a key element in the evolution of central nervous system (CNS) disorders …