The Earth's cryosphere comprises those regions that are cold enough for water to turn into
ice. Recent findings show that the icy realms of polar oceans, glaciers and ice sheets are …

Antarctica represents a unique environment, both due to the extreme meteorological and
geological conditions that govern it and the relative isolation from human influences that …

Flavonoids are stress-inducible metabolites important for plant-microbe interactions. In
contrast to their well-known function in initiating rhizobia nodulation in legumes, little is …

For the analysis of microbial community structure based on 16S rDNA sequence diversity,
sensitive and robust PCR amplification of 16S rDNA is a critical step. To obtain accurate …

Microbial communities of the Arctic Ocean are poorly characterized in comparison to other
aquatic environments as to their horizontal, vertical, and temporal turnover. Yet, recent …

ABSTRACT Ever since Carl Woese introduced the use of 16S rRNA genes for determining
the phylogenetic relationships of prokaryotes, this method has been regarded as the “gold …

Taxonomic marker gene studies, such as the 16S rRNA gene, have been used to
successfully explore microbial diversity in a variety of marine, terrestrial, and host …

Massive partial sequencing of 16S rRNA genes has become the predominant tool used for
studying microbial ecology. However, determining which hypervariable regions and primer …

Seasonal cycles within the marginal ice zones in polar regions include large shifts in
temperature and salinity that strongly influence microbial abundance and physiology …

Ecosystem-based management (EBM) is a framework for managing marine resources. EBM
strategies can be evaluated with ecosystem models that represent functional components of …