Plants maintain the ability to form lateral appendages throughout their life cycle and form
leaves as the principal lateral appendages of the stem. Leaves initiate at the peripheral zone …

Leaves form veins whose patterns vary from a single vein running the length of the leaf to
networks of staggering complexity where huge numbers of veins connect to other veins at …

Crop productivity depends on activity of meristems that produce optimized plant
architectures, including that of the maize ear. A comprehensive understanding of …

Tolerance of hypoxia is essential for most plants, but the underlying mechanisms are largely
unknown. Here we show that adaptation to submergence induced hypoxia in Arabidopsis …

A key challenge in biology is to understand how the regional control of cell growth gives rise
to final organ forms. Plant leaves must coordinate growth along both the proximodistal and …

The formation of a flat and thin leaf presents a developmentally challenging problem,
requiring intricate regulation of adaxial–abaxial (top–bottom) polarity. The patterning …

Positional information is essential for coordinating the development of multicellular
organisms. In plants, positional information provided by the hormone auxin regulates …

Substantial diversity exists for both the size and shape of the leaf, the main photosynthetic
organ of flowering plants. The two major forms of leaf are simple leaves, in which the leaf …

Contents Summary 706 I. Introduction 707 II. Leaf zones in monocot and eudicot leaves 707
III. Monocot and eudicot leaf initiation: differences in degree and timing, but not kind 710 IV …

Plant organs can adopt a wide range of shapes, resulting from highly directional cell growth
and divisions. We focus here on leaves and leaf-like organs in Arabidopsis and tomato …