Abstract The Miocene epoch (23.03–5.33 Ma) was a time interval of global warmth, relative
to today. Continental configurations and mountain topography transitioned toward modern …

The control of gaseous exchange between the leaf and external atmosphere is governed by
stomatal conductance (gs); therefore, stomata play a critical role in photosynthesis and …

The acquisition of stomata is one of the key innovations that led to the colonisation of the
terrestrial environment by the earliest land plants. However, our understanding of the origin …

Abstract The Eocene–Oligocene transition (EOT) was a climate shift from a largely ice-free
greenhouse world to an icehouse climate, involving the first major glaciation of Antarctica …

The early Eocene (56 to 48 million years ago) is inferred to have been the most recent time
that Earth's atmospheric CO 2 concentrations exceeded 1000 ppm. Global mean …

Stomatal pores are microscopic structures on the epidermis of leaves formed by 2
specialized guard cells that control the exchange of water vapor and CO2 between plants …

Guard cells form epidermal stomatal gas-exchange valves in plants and regulate the
aperture of stomatal pores in response to changes in the carbon dioxide (CO 2) …

Revision of the GEOCARB model (Berner, 1991, 1994) for paleolevels of atmospheric CO~
2~, has been made with emphasis on factors affecting CO~ 2~ uptake by continental …

The Devonian Period was characterized by major changes in both the terrestrial biosphere,
eg the evolution of trees and seed plants and the appearance of multi–storied forests, and in …

Charcoal, predominantly the product of wildfires, is abundant in many sedimentary rocks
deposited in a wide range of environments, from terrestrial to marine. It also occurs in some …