Small GTP-binding proteins (G proteins) exist in eukaryotes from yeast to human and
constitute a superfamily consisting of more than 100 members. This superfamily is …

Publisher Summary The chapter introduces the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase
(MAPK) module. The identification of MAP kinase pathways exemplifies the power of …

SUMMARY A cascade of three protein kinases known as a mitogen-activated protein kinase
(MAPK) cascade is commonly found as part of the signaling pathways in eukaryotic cells …

Many fungal pathogens invade plants using specialized infection structures called
appressoria that differentiate from the tips of fungal hyphae contacting the plant surface. We …

The intracellular signal transduction pathway by which the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae
responds to the presence of peptide mating pheromone in its surroundings is one of the best …

Many protein kinases themselves are regulated by reversible phosphorylation. Upon cell
stimulation, specific kinases are transiently phosphorylated and activated. Several of these …

Signal transduction pathways that respond to external signals through the MAP kinase
family of protein kinases are involved in diverse responses in eukaryotic cells. MAP kinases …

The cyclin-dependent protein kinase (CDK) encoded by CDC28 is the master regulator of
cell division in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. By mechanisms that, for the …

MAP kinases (MAPKs) and their upstream regulatory kinases comprise a functional unit that
couples upstream input signals to a variety of outputs (reviewed by Blenis, 1993; Blumer and …

Dual specificity kinases that phosphorylate the Thr-and Tyr-residues within the TXY motif of
MAP-kinases of play a central role in the regulation of various processes of cell growth …