Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) and bone morphogenic protein (BMP) signaling
has fundamental roles in both embryonic skeletal development and postnatal bone …

Since the identification in 1988 of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) as a potent inducer
of bone and cartilage formation, BMP superfamily signalling has become one of the most …

Abstract Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs) are a group of signaling molecules that
belongs to the Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily of proteins. Initially …

The genetic basis of most traits is highly polygenic and dominated by non-coding alleles. It is
widely assumed that such alleles exert small regulatory effects on the expression of cis …

Massively parallel DNA-sequencing systems provide sequence of huge numbers of different
DNA strands at once. These technologies are revolutionizing our understanding in medical …

Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signaling pathway plays important roles in many
biological processes, including cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis, migration, as well as …

FBN1 encodes the gene for fibrillin-1, a structural macromolecule that polymerizes into
microfibrils. Fibrillin microfibrils are morphologically distinctive fibrils, present in all …

Background There is considerable interest in the use of next-generation sequencing to help
diagnose unidentified genetic conditions, but it is difficult to predict the success rate in a …

Cell size is determined by the balance between protein synthesis and degradation. This
equilibrium is affected by hormones, nutrients, energy levels, mechanical stress and …

Although de novo missense mutations have been predicted to account for more cases of
autism than gene-truncating mutations, most research has focused on the latter. We …