Counterintuitively, biases in behavior or cognition can improve decision making. Under
conditions of uncertainty and asymmetric costs of 'false-positive'and 'false-negative'errors …

When approached by humans, virtually all species flee, but we lack an understanding of the
factors that influence flight response among species. Understanding this variation may allow …

10 Behavioural Ecology Page 1 10 Behavioural Ecology EDWIN E. LEWIS Department of
Entomology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061–0319 …

Where alarm signals function to warn others of the presence of threat, variation is likely to
exist in the reliability of alarm signalers. Some signalers, with too low a threshold of …

We studied the effect of four components of predation risk, namely predation pressure,
spatial variation in woody cover, visibility, and flock size, on the behaviour of four species of …

When animals lack the ability to discriminate between correct and incorrect information, they
must choose to either respond to or ignore an information source. I define the reliability of …

The risk of predation is a strong force sha** many aspects of animal behaviour. Early
detection and efficient avoidance strategies not only help prey to survive, but also limit the …

The efficiency of predator avoidance strategies depends on the availability and accuracy of
sensory information. Although vision can in principle provide instant information on a …

We review the use of the terms 'optimism'and 'pessimism'to characterize particular types of
behaviour in non-human animals. Animals can certainly behave as though they are …

Animals are killed by predators, pathogens, and abiotic environmental conditions, all of
which impose selection for traits that improve survival. These defenses are often costly or …