Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) accounts for about 10% of all strokes in the United States of
America causing a high degree of disability and mortality. There is initial (primary) brain …

Significance: Blood–brain barrier (BBB) disruption is a major pathological change after
intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and is both the cause and result of oxidative stress and of …

Intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) is the second most common type of stroke and a major
cause of mortality and disability worldwide. Despite advances in surgical interventions and …

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) has one of the worst prognoses among patients with stroke.
Surgical measures have been adopted to relieve the mass effect of the hematoma, and …

Approaches for the effective management of acute stroke are sparse, and many measures
for brain protection fail. However, our ability to modulate the immune system and modify the …

Perihaematomal oedema (PHO) is an important pathophysiological marker of secondary
injury in intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH). In this Review, we describe a novel method to …

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a dynamic but solid shield in the cerebral microvascular
system. It plays a pivotal role in maintaining central nervous system (CNS) homeostasis by …

The notion that the central nervous system is an immunologically immune-exempt organ has
changed over the past two decades, with increasing evidence of strong links and …

Ironside et al Perihematomal Edema and ICH 1627 common pathway of the coagulation
cascade. 39 Thrombin can also induce PHE formation independent of fibrinogen, which …

Background and Purpose—Perihematomal edema (PHE) is associated with poor outcomes
after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). PHE evolves in the early period after ICH, providing a …