Plant diseases are responsible for substantial crop losses each year and pose a threat to
global food security and agricultural sustainability. Improving crop resistance to pathogens …

Various conceptual models to describe the plant immune system have been presented. The
most recent paradigm to gain wide acceptance in the field is often referred to as the zigzag …

The type III secretion system with its delivered type III effectors (T3Es) is one of the main
virulence determinants of Ralstonia solanacearum, a worldwide devastating plant …

Aphids are amongst the most devastating sap-feeding insects of plants. Like most plant
parasites, aphids require intimate associations with their host plants to gain access to …

The Irish potato famine pathogen Phytophthora infestans is predicted to secrete hundreds of
effector proteins. To address the challenge of assigning biological functions to …

Many plant pathogens subvert host immunity by injecting compositionally diverse but
functionally similar repertoires of cytoplasmic effector proteins. The bacterial pathogen …

Nonhost resistance, a resistance of plant species against all nonadapted pathogens, is
considered the most durable and efficient immune system of plants but yet remains elusive …

Nonhost resistance is a broad-spectrum plant defense that provides immunity to all
members of a plant species against all isolates of a microorganism that is pathogenic to …

Recently, genome sequencing of many isolates of genetically monomorphic bacterial
human pathogens has given new insights into pathogen microevolution and …

Typically, pathogens deploy virulence effectors to disable defense. Plants defeat effectors
with resistance proteins that guard effector targets. We found that a pathogen exploits a …