The current understanding of lactate extends from its origins as a byproduct of glycolysis to
its role in tumor metabolism, as identified by studies on the Warburg effect. The lactate …

Astrocytes are the most abundant glial cells in the central nervous system (CNS) and
participate in synaptic, circuit, and behavioral functions. The well‐developed protoplasmic …

Brain glucose metabolism, including glycolysis, the pentose phosphate pathway, and
glycogen turnover, produces ATP for energetic support and provides the precursors for the …

Impaired cerebral glucose metabolism is a pathologic feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD),
with recent proteomic studies highlighting disrupted glial metabolism in AD. We report that …

Astrocytes comprise half of the cells in the central nervous system and play a critical role in
maintaining metabolic homeostasis. Metabolic dysfunction in astrocytes has been indicated …

Lactate is a critical metabolite during the body's adaption to exercise training, which
effectively relieves anxiety-like disorders. The biological mechanism of lactate in the …

Memory, defined as the storage and use of learned information in the brain, is necessary to
modulate behavior and critical for animals to adapt to their environments and survive …

The mechanisms by which astrocytes modulate neural homeostasis, synaptic plasticity, and
memory are still poorly explored. Astrocytes form large intercellular networks by gap junction …

Astrocytes are non-neuronal cells that regulate synapses, neuronal circuits, and behavior.
Astrocytes ensheath neuronal synapses to form the tripartite synapse where astrocytes …

Although we have learned much about how the brain fuels its functions over the last
decades, there remains much still to discover in an organ that is so complex. This article lays …