Lignin, as a precious resource given to mankind by nature with abundant functional aromatic
structures, has drawn much attention in the recent decade from academia to industry …

Employing phenols and phenol derivatives as electrophiles for cross-coupling reactions has
numerous advantages over commonly used aryl halides in terms of environmental …

Lignin is the second most abundant polymer, which comprises15-30%(dry weight) of total
lignocellulosic biomass. Recent studies focused on the effective utilization of lignin …

Numerous deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have been studied for effective saccharification of
cellulose by removing hemicellulose and/or lignin. However, the removed fractions …

Phenol–formaldehyde (PF) resin continues to dominate the resin industry more than 100
years after its first synthesis. Its versatile properties such as thermal stability, chemical …

The complex interlacing structure among cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin and the unique
properties of lignin itself limit the value-added utilization of the lignin. As the “upstream” …

Highlights•Ionic liquids are effective solvents for dissolution of lignocellulosic biomass.•
Characterization methods of lignocellulosic biomass using ionic liquids are …

Lignocellulosic and algal biomass feedstocks are the most plentiful and cost-effective
renewable sources of biofuels (sugar, bioethanol, biodiesel, and bio-oil), value-added …

The issues over increases in energy demand and environmental pollution attributed to
excessive use of fossil fuel have been the driving forces of the exploration for eco-friendly …

Ionic liquids (ILs) are the safest solvent in various high-temperature applications due to their
non-flammable properties. In order to obtain their thermal stability properties …