Venomous animals have evolved toxins that interfere with specific components of their
victim's core physiological systems, thereby causing biological dysfunction that aids in prey …

In the last century, small-molecule natural products were the main inspiration for most drug
discovery programs based either on high-throughput screening (HTS) or rational design …

ABSTRACT Spiders (Order Araneae) are massively abundant generalist arthropod
predators that are found in nearly every ecosystem on the planet and have persisted for over …

Introduction: An extraordinarily diverse range of animals have evolved venoms for predation,
defence, or competitor deterrence. The major components of most venoms are peptides and …

Spiders are diverse, predatory arthropods that have inhabited Earth for around 400 million
years. They are well known for their complex venom systems that are used to overpower …

Spider venoms are an incredibly rich source of disulfide-rich insecticidal peptides that have
been tuned over millions of years to target a wide range of receptors and ion channels in the …

Background: Ischemia–reperfusion injury (IRI) is one of the major risk factors implicated in
morbidity and mortality associated with cardiovascular disease. During cardiac ischemia, the …

Venom (toxins) is an important trait evolved along the evolutionary tree of animals. Our
knowledges on venoms, such as their origins and loss, the biological relevance and the …

Spiders are ecologically important predators with complex venom and extraordinarily tough
silk that enables capture of large prey. Here we present the assembled genome of the social …

Among the various natural compounds used in alternative and Oriental medicine, toxins
isolated from different organisms have had their application for many years, and Apis …