Black carbon (BC) has emerged as an important short-lived climate forcer. Due to its light
absorption properties, BC can darken the snow/ice surface, affect the energy balance, and …

Biomass burning (BB) is a major source of air pollution from local to global scale, having
variable effects on air quality, human health, and climate system. Therefore, the source …

Fires have influenced atmospheric composition and climate since the rise of vascular plants,
and satellite data have shown the overall global extent of fires. Our knowledge of historic fire …

Biomass burning impacts vegetation dynamics, biogeochemical cycling, atmospheric
chemistry, and climate, with sometimes deleterious socio-economic impacts. Under future …

The location, timing, spatial extent, and frequency of wildfires are changing rapidly in many
parts of the world, producing substantial impacts on ecosystems, people, and potentially …

Fire is an integral component of the Earth system that will critically affect how terrestrial
carbon budgets and living systems respond to climate change. Paleo and observational …

Fire emissions are a critical component of carbon and nutrient cycles and strongly affect
climate and air quality. Dynamic global vegetation models (DGVMs) with interactive fire …

We describe the historical evolution of the conceptualization, formulation, quantification,
application, and utilization of “radiative forcing”(RF) of Earth's climate. Basic theories of …

Black carbon emitted by incomplete combustion of fossil fuels and biomass has a net
warming effect in the atmosphere and reduces the albedo when deposited on ice and snow; …

Uncertainty in pre-industrial natural aerosol emissions is a major component of the overall
uncertainty in the radiative forcing of climate. Improved characterisation of natural emissions …