Phagocytosis is a cellular process for ingesting and eliminating particles larger than 0.5 μm
in diameter, including microorganisms, foreign substances, and apoptotic cells …

Detection of mismatched human leukocyte antigens by adaptive immune cells is considered
as the main cause of transplant rejection, leading to either T-cell mediated rejection or …

One hundred years have passed since the death of Élie Metchnikoff (1845–1916). He was
the first to observe the uptake of particles by cells and realized the importance of this …

HIV-1 immunotherapy with a combination of first generation monoclonal antibodies was
largely ineffective in pre-clinical and clinical settings and was therefore abandoned …

Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is a rare autoimmune disease due to an abnormal T cell
response, notably supported by splenic T follicular helper cells, that stimulates the …

Cardiovascular diseases are one of the leading causes of mortality in developed countries.
Among cardiovascular disorders, myocardial infarction remains a life-threatening problem …

The checkpoints and mechanisms that contribute to autoantibody-driven disease are as yet
incompletely understood. Here we identified the axis of interleukin 23 (IL-23) and the TH17 …

Antibodies are powerful modulators of ongoing and future B cell responses. While the
concept of antibody feedback has been appreciated for over a century, the topic has seen a …

Antibodies produced in response to a foreign antigen are characterized by polyclonality, not
only in the diverse epitopes to which their variable domains bind but also in the various …

A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of three essential oils with different main
chemical structures, ie, cinnamon bark oil (CNO), clove bud oil (CLO) and ajwain seed oil …