River networks represent the largest biogeochemical nexus between the continents, ocean
and atmosphere. Our current understanding of the role of rivers in the global carbon cycle …

Carbon storage by the ocean and by the land is usually quantified separately, and does not
fully take into account the land-to-ocean transport of carbon through inland waters …

Global development has been heavily reliant on the overexploitation of natural resources
since the Industrial Revolution. With the extensive use of fossil fuels, deforestation, and other …

Enhancing the terrestrial ecosystem carbon sink (referred to as terrestrial C sink) is an
important way to slow down the continuous increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) …

It is unequivocal that the increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4)
and nitrous oxide (N2O) since the pre-industrial period are caused by human activities. The …

China announced its national goal to reach the peak of carbon emission by 2030 and
achieve carbon neutrality by 2060, during the General Assembly of the United Nations in …

The ocean has absorbed 25±2% of the total anthropogenic CO2 emissions from the early
1960s to the late 2010s, with rates more than tripling over this period and with a mean …

Accurate assessment of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO 2) emissions and their
redistribution among the atmosphere, ocean, and terrestrial biosphere in a changing climate …

Live woody vegetation is the largest reservoir of biomass carbon, with its restoration
considered one of the most effective natural climate solutions. However, terrestrial carbon …

The ocean is a key component of the Earth system (Chapter 1) as it provides essential life
supporting services (Inniss et al. 2017). For example, it stores heat trapped in the …