Indirect reciprocity (IR) is a key mechanism to understand cooperation among unrelated
individuals. It involves reputations and complex information processing, arising from social …

Cooperation is widespread in nature, occurring in every taxa on Earth. Nevertheless, the
contexts in which cooperation occurs—and the forms it takes—vary widely. In this Review …

What do corruption, resource overexploitation, climate inaction, vaccine hesitancy, traffic
congestion, and even cancer metastasis have in common? All these socioeconomic and …

Human society and natural environment form a complex giant ecosystem, where human
activities not only lead to the change in environmental states, but also react to them. By …

Direct reciprocity is a powerful mechanism for the evolution of cooperation on the basis of
repeated interactions,,–. It requires that interacting individuals are sufficiently equal, such …

Finding appropriate incentives to enforce collaborative efforts for governing the commons in
risky situations is a long-lasting challenge. Previous works have demonstrated that both …

The evolution and long-term sustenance of cooperation has consistently piqued scholarly
interest across the disciplines of evolutionary biology and social sciences. Previous …

The current COVID-19 pandemic has impacted millions of people and the global economy.
Tourism has been one the most affected economic sectors because of the mobility …

Explaining the emergence and maintenance of cooperation among selfish individuals from
an evolutionary perspective remains a grand challenge in biology, economy and social …

Home assistant chat-bots, self-driving cars, drones or automated negotiation systems are
some of the several examples of autonomous (artificial) agents that have pervaded our …