Abstract The Hindu Kush–Karakoram–Himalayan system, named the Third Pole because it
is the largest global store of frozen water after the polar regions, provides a reliable water …

Environmental variability and shock events can be propagated or attenuated along food
supply chains by various economic, political and infrastructural factors. Understanding these …

The wide distribution of natural lakes over the Tibetan Plateau, the highest and largest
plateau on Earth, have received extensive attention due to global warming. In this Review …

Globally, thermodynamics explains an increase in atmospheric water vapor with warming of
around 7%/° C near to the surface. In contrast, global precipitation and evaporation are …

Soil moisture observations are of broad scientific interest and practical value for a wide
range of applications. The scientific community has made significant progress in estimating …

Groundwater is the second largest store of freshwater in the world. The sustainability of the
ecosystem is largely dependent on groundwater availability, and groundwater has already …

Groundwater plays a vital role in food security, water availability, and economic growth of
more than 1.3 billion people in India. Notwithstanding the development of irrigation schemes …

Abstract Climate Data Records of soil moisture are fundamental for improving our
understanding of long-term dynamics in the coupled water, energy, and carbon cycles over …

Water resources are critical to the sustainability of life on Earth. With a growing population
and climate change, it is imperative to assess the security of these resources. Over the past …

Climate change will likely increase crop water demand, and farmers may adapt by applying
more irrigation. Understanding the extent to which this is occurring is of particular …