Unraveling the complexities of brain function, which is crucial for advancing human health,
remains a grand challenge. This endeavor demands precise monitoring of small molecules …

The microbiota gut brain (MGB) axis has been shown to play a significant role in the
regulation of inflammatory and infective diseases. Exploring the structure and …

Neurotransmitters are important signaling molecules in the brain and are relevant in many
diseases. Measuring them with high spatial and temporal resolutions in biological systems is …

Stress-mediated depression is one of the common psychiatric disorders with a high
prevalence and suicide rate, there is a lack of effective treatment. Accordingly, effective …

The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) was classically considered a circulating hormonal
system that regulates blood pressure. However, different tissues and organs, including the …

Persistent luminescence nanoparticles (PLNPs) are novel optical nanomaterials with
repeatable excitation characteristics, which can store and release energy continuously after …

Catecholamines are a class of molecules that act as neurotransmitters and hormones in
various body regions. These chemical messengers include dopamine, norepinephrine …

Understanding the intricate role of dopamine D1–D5 receptors is pivotal in addressing the
challenges posed by the aging global population, as well as by social stress and advancing …

Dopamine is a well-known neurotransmitter due to its involvement in Parkinson's disease
(PD). Dopamine is not only involved in PD but also controls multiple mental and physical …

Parkinson's disease can affect not only motor functions but also cognitive abilities, leading to
cognitive impairment. One common issue in Parkinson's disease with cognitive dysfunction …