RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs) are crucial for pathogen detection and triggering immune
responses and have immense physiological importance. In this review, we first summarize …

Posttranslational modification by small ubiquitin-like modifiers (SUMOs) is critical in
regulating diverse cellular processes including gene expression, cell cycle progression …

Innate immunity is essential for the host against pathogens, cancer, and autoimmunity. The
innate immune system encodes many sensor, adaptor, and effector proteins and relies on …

Cysteine palmitoylation or S-palmitoylation catalyzed by the ZDHHC family of
acyltransferases regulates the biological function of numerous mammalian proteins as well …

Upon RNA virus infection, the signaling adaptor MAVS forms functional prion-like
aggregates on the mitochondrial outer membrane, which serve as a central hub that links …

Biomolecular condensates are membraneless organelles formed through liquid–liquid
phase separation. Innate immunity is essential to host defense against infections, but …

Biomolecular condensates or membraneless organelles (MLOs) formed by liquid-liquid
phase separation (LLPS) divide intracellular spaces into discrete compartments for specific …

Inflammasome activity is important for the immune response and is instrumental in
numerous clinical conditions. Here we identify a mechanism that modulates the central …

Phase separation is a critical mechanism for partitioning cellular functions by specific
aggregation of biological macromolecules. Recent studies have found that phase separation …

Severe COVID-19 patients exhibit impaired IFN-I response due to decreased IFN-β
production, allowing persistent viral load and exacerbated inflammation. While the SARS …