The selective degradation of many short-lived proteins in eukaryotic cells is carried out by
the ubiquitin system. In this pathway, proteins are targeted for degradation by covalent …

Apoptosis is a programmed, physiological mode of cell death that plays an important role in
tissue homeostasis. Understanding of the basic mechanisms that underlie apoptosis will …

Proteasomes are major sites for protein degradation in eukaryotic cells. The recent
identification of selective proteasome inhibitors has allowed a definition of the roles of the …

The 26S proteasome is a 2.4 MDa multifunctional ATP-dependent proteolytic complex,
which degrades the majority of cellular polypeptides by an unusual enzyme mechanism …

Cell death has been subdivided into the categories apoptosis (Type I), autophagic cell death
(Type II), and necrosis (Type III). The boundary between Type I and II has never been …

Glucocorticoids are small lipophilic compounds that mediate their many biological effects by
binding an intracellular receptor (GR) that, in turn, translocates to the nucleus and directly or …

Both melatonin and proteasome inhibitors upregulate antioxidant enzymes including
superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GP), hemoxygenase 1 (HO-1), and …

The ubiquitin-proteasome system is an important regulator of cell growth and apoptosis. The
potential of specific proteasome inhibitors to act as novel anti-cancer agents is currently …

To determine why proteasome inhibitors prevent thymocyte death, we examined whether
proteasomes degrade anti-apoptotic molecules in cells induced to undergo apoptosis. The c …

The living cell is an ever changing, responsive, and adaptive environment where proteins
play key roles in all processes and functions. While the scientific community focused for a …